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North Korea has
continuously violated the 9.19 Comprehensive Military Agreement (hereafter 9.19
CMA) since it was signed in 2018. On hundreds or even more than a thousand
occasions each year, North Korea has opened the doors of artillery deployed on its
islands and coastal areas aimed at the ROK’s Northwest islands.  In total, North Korea has opened these doors
approximately 3,400 times over the past five years. On November 23, 2019, one
year after the signing of the 9.19 CMA, Kim Jong-un personally ordered the
firing of artillery into the maritime buffer zone from Changrin Island located
on North Korea’s western coast. Following this deliberate violation of the 9.19
CMA by its leader, North Korea continued to fire artillery into the maritime
buffer zone off both the western and eastern coasts of the Korean peninsula. Additionally,
North Korea has fired gunshots at ROK Guard Posts (GPs) across the Demilitarized
Zone (DMZ) on the central front. Furthermore, North Korea has violated other
clauses stated in the 9.19 CMA, including infiltrating the Seoul and
Gyeonggi-do region with small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs).