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The fact that public opinion is demanding new
response measures against North Korea’s nuclear threat illustrates how the
South Korean people are perceiving the threat more seriously. It was in this
context that the leaders of the ROK and the U.S. announced the Washington
Declaration on April 26, 2023. The Washington Declaration reiterated the joint
policies of the two countries to deter and respond to the use of nuclear
weapons by North Korea. The Washington Declaration also included more advanced
measures on extended deterrence, such as the creation of the Nuclear
Consultative Group (NCG). Since its establishment, the NCG has held regular
meetings over the past year to discuss ways to improve cooperation on extended
deterrence. As a result of these efforts, the leaders of the ROK and the U.S.
announced the signing of the ROK-U.S. Guidelines for Nuclear Deterrence and
Nuclear Operations on the Korean Peninsula (hereafter ‘Guidelines Document’)
during a ROK-U.S. bilateral summit meeting held on the sidelines of the NATO
summit on July 11. Given this, this article introduces the efforts of the NCG
and discusses the implications of the ’Guidelines Document.’